ISSN: 2148-8274 / E-ISSN: 2587-0084
, Türk Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrahisi
Dergisi

Turkish Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery

Dernek Sitesi
Kayıtlı İndexler
ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMALAR

Menorajisi Olan Hastalarda Farklı Histopatolojik Tanılarda Levonorgestrel Salan Rahim İçi Aracın Uzun Süreli Terapötik Etkinliği
The Long-Term Therapeutic Efficacy of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device in Different Histopathological Diagnosis Symptomatic for Menorrhagia
Received Date : 20 Jan 2023
Accepted Date : 01 Mar 2023
Available Online : 13 Mar 2023
Doi: 10.24074/tjrms.2023-95579 - Makale Dili: TR
TJRMS. 2022;7(1):1-5
ÖZET
Amaç: Menoraji, üreme çağındaki kadınların yaşam kalitesini ciddi oranda etkiler ve genellikle altta yatan bir pelvik patoloji yoktur. Menorajide birçok medikal tedavinin etkinliği kesin değildir ve hasta uyumu zayıf olabilir. Levonorgestrel salgılayan rahim içi araç (LNG-RİA) menoraji tedavisinde cerrahi tedavilere iyi bir alternatiftir. Bu çalışmanın amacı menorajisi olan hastalarda farklı histopatolojik tanılarda LNG-RİA’nın uzun süreli terapötik etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ufuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’nde 2017-2019 arasında menoraji tanısı konmuş ve tedavi amaçlı LNG-RİA uygulanmış 135 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların LNG-RİA takılmadan önce yapılan endometrial biyopsilerinin histopatolojik tanıları, LNG-RİA öncesi ve sonrası adet düzeni ve hemogram bulguları ile hasta memnuniyet oranları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 135 hastadan 98’ine (72.5%) LNG-IUD takılmadan önce endometrial biyopsi yapılmıştı, kalan 37 olgu (%27,4) ise myoma uteri (tip 0, 1 ve 2 dışında) ve adenomiyozis gibi farklı tanılara sahipti. Endometriyal hiperplazi tanısı konan hastaların 3 ay sonraki kontrol biyopsilerinde endometrial hiperplazinin gerilediği görüldü. LNG-RİA takıldıktan sonraki 1.yılda hastaların menstrüasyon süresinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı azalma (11.32±5.12 vs 4.21±2.34, p:0.027), siklus süresinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı artış (21.45±6.13 vs 33.14±5.27, p: 0.041) ve hemoglobin düzeyinde artış izlendi. Histopatolojik tanısı endometrial polip olarak saptanan 19 hastada birinci yılın sonunda polip rekürrensi görülmedi. Birinci yıl sonunda hastaların memnuniyet oranları yüksekti. Sonuç: Menorajili hastalarda LNG-RİA etkili bir tedavi yöntemidir. Hastalardaki semptomatik iyileşmenin yanı sıra, tedavinin tolere edilebilirliği yüksektir ve yüksek memnuniyet oranlarıyla ilişkilidir. Konuyla ilgili daha geniş örneklem büyüklüğüne sahip, uzun dönem hasta takibi yapılan prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Menorrhagia has an undesired effect on the life quality of reproductive aged women and usually it’s not related to an underlying pathology. Efficacy of medical treatment is uncertain and patient compliance may be poor. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is an effective alternative to surgery in the treatment. Aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of LNG-IUD in different histopathological diagnoses in menorrhagia. Material and Methods: Medical records of women diagnosed with menorrhagia and administered levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) for therapeutic purposes at Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology Clinic between 2017-2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Histopathological diagnosis of patients before insertion, menstrual pattern and hemogram findings before and after insertion, and patient satisfaction rates were evaluated. Results: 135 patients were included in the study, 98 (72.5%) patients had endometrial biopsy before LNG-IUD insertion, while the remaining 37 patients (27.4%) had different diagnoses such as myoma uteri (except types 0, 1 and 2) and adenomyosis. In the control biopsies of the patients diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia was observed to be regressed. 1 year after LNGIUD insertion, patients had a significant decrease in menstruation duration (11.32±5.12 vs 4.21±2.34, p:0.027), a significant increase in cycle duration (21.45±6.13 vs 33.14±5.27, p: 0.041). and hemoglobin levels. No polyp recurrence was observed and patient satisfaction rates were high. Conclusion: LNG-IUD is an effective treatment modality in menorrhagia and leads to high satisfaction rates. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes and long term follow-up regarding the subject are required.
REFERANSLAR
  1. Shaw RW. Assessment of medical treatments for menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;101(Suppl):15-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Apgar BS. Dysmenorrhoea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Prim Care.1997;24:161-78. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Andersson JK, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97:690-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Morbidity Statistics in General Practice. Fourth National Survey. 1991-1992. London: HMSO.
  5. Coulter A, Kelland J, Long A, et al. The Management of Menorrhagia. Effective Health Care Bulletin No. 9; August, 1995.
  6. Heikinheimo O, Fraser I. The current status of hormonal therapies for heavy menstrual bleeding. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;40:111-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Kaunitz AM, Inki P. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in heavy menstrual bleeding. Drugs. 2012;72(2):193-215. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Matteson KA, Rahn DD, Wheeler TL, Casiano E, Siddiqui NY, Harvie HS, et al. Nonsurgical management of heavy menstrual bleeding: a systematic review. OBGYN. 2013;121(3):632-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Middleton LJ, Champaneria R, Daniels JP, Bhattacharya S, Cooper KG, Hilken NH, et al. Hysterectomy, endometrial destruction and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for heavy menstrual bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from individual patients. BMJ. 2010;341:c3929. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Xu L, Lee BS, Asif S, Kraemer P, Inki P. Satisfaction and health related quality of life in women with heavy menstrual bleeding; results from a non interventional trial of the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system or conventional medical therapy. Int. J Women's Health. 2014;6:547-54. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Rowe P, Farley T, Peregoudov A, Piaggio G, Boccard S, Landoulsi S, et al. Safety and efficacy in parous women of a 52-mg levonorgestrel-medicated intrauterine device: a 7-year randomized comparative study with the TCu380A. Contraception. 2016;93(6):498-506. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Sergison J, Maldonado L, Gao X, Hubacher D. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system associated amenorrhea: a systematic review and metaanalysis. AJOG. 2019;220(5):440-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Lethaby A, Hussain M, Rishworth JR, Rees MC. Progesterone or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(4):CD002126. [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  14. Ganz ML, Shah D, Gidwani R, et al. The cost effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding in the United States. Value in Healthç 2013;16(2):325-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Stewart A, Cummins C, Gold L, Jordan R, Phillips W. The effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in menorrhagia: a systematic review. BJOG. 2001;108:74-86. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Wildemeersch D, Schacht E. The effects on menstrual blood loss in women with uterine fibroids of a novel "frameless" intrauterine levonorgestrel- releasing drug delivery system: a pilot study. E J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002;102:74-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Mercorio F, De Simone R, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Cerrota G, Bifulco G, Vanacore F, et al. The effect of levonorgestrelreleasing intrauterine device in the treatment of myoma related menorrhagia. Contraception. 2003;67:277-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Jiang W, Shen Q, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhu X. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use in premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma: A systematic review. Steroids. 2014;86;69-78. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Gupta J, Kai J, Middleton L, et al. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus medical therapy for menorrhagia. N Eng J Med. 2013;368:128-37. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Barrington JW, Bowen-Simpkins P. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in the management of menorrhagia. BJOG. 1997;104:614-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Hashim HA, Ghayaty E, El Rakhawy M. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs oral progestins for non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials. AJOG. 2015;469-78. [Crossref]  [PubMed]